One state, one federal agency, one pending federal standard. All three are live or imminent.
CALIFORNIA SB 243 (COMPANION CHATBOT LAW)
Live since January 1, 2026. $1,000+ per violation.
Signed October 13, 2025; effective January 1, 2026. Operators of covered companion chatbots must implement user disclosures, suicide/self-harm safety protocols, and additional safeguards for known minors. Users harmed by a violation can sue for at least $1,000 per violation plus attorney's fees — the nation's first private right of action on chatbot governance.
Perkins Coie; Skadden; California SB 243 enacted text
FTC OPERATION AI COMPLY
Continued across two administrations. Pattern established.
Launched September 2024. Continued under the new administration with new cases following the same blueprint. On September 11, 2025 the FTC opened an inquiry into seven major chatbot companies (Alphabet, CharacterAI, Instagram, Meta, OpenAI, Snapchat, xAI) focused on child safety, deceptive data collection, and emotional manipulation of young users.
FTC press releases; Benesch one-year-in analysis; Mintz Feb 2026 update
EXECUTIVE ORDER 14178 + MARCH 11, 2026 DEADLINE
Federal AI policy statement is being written this quarter.
President Trump signed EO 14178 on December 11, 2025, requiring the FTC to publish its formal AI policy statement by March 11, 2026 — defining how the agency's unfair-and-deceptive-practices authority applies to AI. The federal standard for AI chatbot behavior is being drafted in real time; the operators whose evidence packs are ready are the ones who will survive the first round of cases.
Mintz analysis, Feb 2026; FTC AI Compliance Plan